The first steps in seeing pdf

Eyes The basic structure of our eyes is described, and compared with those of other animals. Retinas The general plan of the retina is described and the different cell classes that compose it are introduced. The rain of photons onto cones Gazing at a star is used to illustrate the formation of the retinal image and the capture of photons by the array of cones. A cone pathway The image of the star, captured by the array of cones, is conveyed to the brain. The rain of photons onto rods A pathway from rods joins the pathways for cones before leaving the retina.

Night and day A photoreceptor can respond to only a limited range of light intensities, yet our photoreceptors allow us to see over an intensity range of about forty billion. How photoreceptors work The capture of a single photon by a rod provides the basis for a description of photoreceptor function. Retinal organization The retina is layered, with different cell types disposed so as to allow their interconnections.

Photoreceptor attributes Photoreceptors are specialized neurons with a variety of interesting properties. Cell types Some of the many different cell types in the retina are discussed in detail. Informing the brain Messages from each eye pass to six different regions on each side of the brain.

Looking The retinal image of the external world is stabilized by a variety of factors, including messages sent by the retina to different brain centers. Seeing What we see and how we see it depends upon different types of messages that pass from the eyes to the visual cortex of the brain. Epilogue: Ignorance An appreciation of what we don't know about vision provides a healthy perspective on what we do know.

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These documents, from the first six centuries C. This brochure, realized by field professionals from the Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind specialized in the support of visually impaired persons, should be considered as a toolbox offering the basis for the first steps with a visually impaired person.

One of the major difficulties for children with autism is in developing communication and language. The earlier this problem is addressed, the more effectively these skills can be improved. Inspired by research and clinical practice, this book addresses communication and language development of children with autism, from teaching non-verbal communication such as pointing, to moving towards spoken language.

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Methods Citations. Results Citations. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Visual processing: The Devil is in the details. Current Biology. Experimental physiology. The ability to see the world around us is an immediate and striking example of the abilities of the nervous system, and perhaps for this reason, vision is one of the most intensively studied aspects … Expand. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Search Start Search. Go directly to our online catalogue. The First Steps in Seeing R. Reviews " The First Steps in Seeing synthesizes our understanding of the eye and retina in a way that is at once enjoyable to read, clearly presented and gorgeously illustrated. Table of Contents Prologue: The watch Vision is a precious gift-but what is it for?

The chase An encounter between a cheetah and a gazelle introduces the visual system as an integrated machine. Eyes The basic structure of our eyes is described, and compared with those of other animals.

Retinas The general plan of the retina is described and the different cell classes that compose it are introduced. The rain of photons onto cones Gazing at a star is used to illustrate the formation of the retinal image and the capture of photons by the array of cones.